For business owners and accountants, properly classifying independent contractors and vendors is essential for tax compliance. The IRS requires businesses to issue Form 1099-NEC or Form 1099-MISC depending on the type of payment made. But how do you know which form to use? 

In this guide, we’ll break down the differences between 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC, who is eligible for each, when to file, and the penalties for non-compliance. 

What Is 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC? 

The IRS uses 1099 forms to track non-employee compensation and other types of payments made by businesses. While both Form 1099-NEC and Form 1099-MISC report income paid to individuals and entities other than employees, they serve different purposes. 

What Is Form 1099-NEC? 

• 1099-NEC (Non-Employee Compensation) is exclusively used for payments made to independent contractors, freelancers, and service providers. 
• Use this form if you paid at least $600 in services to a non-employee in a calendar year.
• This form replaced Box 7 on the 1099-MISC in 2020 to better track contract labor. 

What Is Form 1099-MISC? 

• 1099-MISC (Miscellaneous Income) is used for various other types of payments, including: 

○ Rent (paid to a landlord or property manager) 

○ Royalties 

○ Attorney payments 

○ Medical and healthcare payments 

○ Awards and prizes 

• This form is not used for contractor payments—use the 1099-NEC instead. 

Knowing the correct form to file ensures compliance and prevents errors that could trigger IRS penalties.

Who Is Eligible for 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC? 

Before issuing a 1099 form, determine who qualifies based on the type of payment and recipient: 

If you paid an individual or business for services, they should receive a 1099-NEC. If you paid for rent, royalties, or medical expenses, use a 1099-MISC. 

Differences in What Is Reported on 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC 

The key difference between 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC is what type of income is reported:

1099-NEC Reports: 

• Non-employee compensation (Box 1) 
• Payments made to independent contractors and freelancers 
• Professional fees (legal, accounting, marketing, etc.) 

1099-MISC Reports: 

• Rent payments (Box 1) 
• Royalties (Box 2) 
• Other income (Box 3)
• Medical payments (Box 6)
• Attorney fees (Box 10)

Understanding these differences ensures you issue the correct form to vendors and avoid IRS scrutiny. 

When Are 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC Forms Due?

Meeting IRS deadlines is essential to avoid late-filing penalties. 

Since 1099-NEC is primarily for contractor payments, the IRS requires businesses to report these payments by January 31, while 1099-MISC has a later IRS deadline.

Penalties for Not Filing 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC 

Failing to file 1099 forms can lead to significant IRS penalties. The penalty depends on the year it was due and how late the form is filed. Here are the rate for forms due in 2025.

In addition to IRS penalties, businesses that fail to issue 1099s to contractors or vendors may face issues with deducting these expenses on their tax return.

Process for Filing 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC

Filing 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC involves three key steps: 

1. Collect Form W-9 from Vendors 

• Before issuing a 1099, request a W-9 Form from each contractor or vendor. We recommend requesting form W-9 before issuing their first payment to ensure you have the information needed to file on time
• This form includes their legal name, EIN or SSN, and tax classification. 

2. Complete and File the Correct 1099 Form

• Fill out the correct form based on the type of payment.

• Submit Copy A, along with Form 1096, to the IRS and Copy B to the recipient.

3. File With the IRS Electronically or by Mail

• Use the IRS FIRE System for electronic filing. 
• If filing by mail, send the red-ink paper copy to the IRS (must be scanned properly). 
• Entities filing more than 10 total 1099s and W-2s must file electronically.

Businesses can also use third-party tax software or work with a LedgerFi accountant to ensure accurate filing. 

Which Form Should You Use and When? 

Example: 

Imagine a business hires a freelance graphic designer for $2,000 and rents office space from a property owner for $12,000 per year. 

• The graphic designer gets a 1099-NEC because they provided services. 
• The property owner gets a 1099-MISC because they were paid rent. 

Ensuring each form is used correctly avoids IRS issues and potential penalties.

In Summary: 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC for Your Business

Choosing between 1099-NEC vs 1099-MISC is essential for accurate tax reporting and compliance.

Key Takeaways: 

• Use 1099-NEC for contractors, freelancers, and service providers. 
• Use 1099-MISC for rent, royalties, medical payments, and legal fees.
• Filing deadlines differ, with 1099-NEC due January 31. 
• Failure to file can result in IRS penalties up to $660 per form. 
• Maintain proper records by collecting W-9s before issuing 1099s. 

At LedgerFi, we specialize in business tax compliance, 1099 reporting, and bookkeeping solutions. Need help filing your 1099 forms correctly and on time?